--- title: "Interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition" description: "Data from the Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Study, presented as tabular data for each available chart on this page." url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-denomination/interdenominational-mainline-trad/" type: "interactive-data" source: "Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Study" authors: - name: "Pew Research Center" --- # Interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition ## Demographics --- ### Age distribution among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who are ages …* | Survey year | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 11% | 29% | 34% | 23% | 3% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Gender composition among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who identify as …* | Survey year | Man | Woman | In some other way | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 40% | 58% | <1% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. The 2023-24 approach to measuring gender is different from both the 2007 and 2014 surveys. In the 2007 survey, respondents were not directly asked about their gender; rather, the telephone interviewers were asked to use their judgment to determine whether each respondent was a man or a woman, and to record this judgment at the end of the interview. In the 2014 survey, respondents were asked, "Are you male or female?" If they declined to answer or volunteered another response, the respondent's gender was recorded based on the interviewer's observation. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Educational distribution among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who have an education level of …* | Survey year | High school or less | Some college | College graduate | Postgraduate | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 16% | 33% | 26% | 25% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Racial and ethnic composition among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who identify as …* | Survey year | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | Other/Multiracial | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 68% | 16% | 2% | 7% | 5% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | White, Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic. Hispanic adults are of any race. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Immigrant status among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who are …* | Survey year | Born outside the U.S. | Born in the U.S.; has at least one parent who was born outside the U.S. | Born in the U.S.; both parents were also born in the U.S. | Unclear | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 12% | 9% | 77% | 2% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Although individuals born in Puerto Rico are U.S. citizens by birth, they are included in the "Born outside the U.S." category here because they are born into a Spanish-dominant culture and because, on many points, their attitudes, views and beliefs are much closer to those of Hispanics born outside the U.S. than to Hispanics born in the 50 U.S. states or the District of Columbia, even those who identify themselves as being of Puerto Rican origin. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Marital status among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who are …* | Survey year | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/Separated | Widowed | Never married | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 59% | 7% | 14% | 5% | 13% | 2% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Parent of children under 18 among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who are …* | Survey year | Parent of children under 18 at home | Not a parent of children under 18 at home | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 33% | 67% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Income distribution among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who have a household income of …* | Survey year | <$30K | $30K-$49,999 | $50K-$99,999 | $100K+ | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 10% | 11% | 26% | 48% | 6% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Sexual orientation among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who think of themselves as …* | Survey year | Straight, that is, not gay or lesbian | Gay or lesbian | Bisexual | Something else | I don't know/No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 91% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | This website only includes information about sexual orientation from the 2023-24 RLS. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ## Beliefs & practices --- ### Frequency of prayer among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who pray …* | Survey year | At least daily | Weekly/Monthly | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 45% | 42% | 13% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Importance of religion in one's life among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say religion is …* | Survey year | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too/Not at all important | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 28% | 54% | 18% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Religious service attendance among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who attend religious services …* | Survey year | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | A few times a year | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 22% | 11% | 27% | 41% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Belief in God among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say they …* | Survey year | Believe in God or universal spirit; absolutely certain | Believe in God or universal spirit; not absolutely certain | Do not believe in God or universal spirit | No answer/Other | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 58% | 41% | 1% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Belief in heaven among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the existence of heaven is something they …* | Survey year | Believe | Don't believe | No answer/Other | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 81% | 19% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Belief in hell among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the existence of hell is something they …* | Survey year | Believe | Don't believe | No answer/Other | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 50% | 49% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Belief in a soul or spirit among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say "people have a soul or spirit in addition to their physical body" is something they …* | Survey year | Believe | Don't believe | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 97% | 3% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Belief in something spiritual beyond the natural world among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the following statement comes closer to their view* | Survey year | The natural world is all there is | There is something spiritual beyond the natural world, even if we cannot see it | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 5% | 94% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Importance of the Bible among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the Bible is …* | Survey year | Extremely/Very important | Somewhat important | Not too/Not at all important | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 45% | 39% | 16% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Frequency of reading scripture among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who read scripture …* | Survey year | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 13% | 11% | 15% | 61% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture-study or religious education groups among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who attend prayer groups …* | Survey year | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 7% | 3% | 5% | 85% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and well-being among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who feel a sense of spiritual peace and well-being …* | Survey year | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 35% | 22% | 23% | 19% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who feel a sense of wonder about the universe …* | Survey year | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 43% | 27% | 18% | 12% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Feel the presence of something from beyond this world among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say they feel the presence of something from beyond this world …* | Survey year | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 31% | 18% | 18% | 32% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views on the statement "God gave humans the right to use the Earth, including the plants and animals, for humanity's benefit" among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the statement "God gave humans the right to use the Earth, including the plants and animals, for humanity's benefit" describes their views …* | Survey year | Completely/Mostly | Somewhat | A little bit/Not at all | No answer | Do not believe in God/Did not answer belief in God | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 65% | 23% | 10% | 2% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views on the statement "God gave humans a duty to protect and care for the Earth, including the plants and animals" among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the statement "God gave humans a duty to protect and care for the Earth, including the plants and animals" describes their views …* | Survey year | Completely/Mostly | Somewhat | A little bit/Not at all | No answer | Do not believe in God/Did not answer belief in God | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 84% | 11% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Considering oneself a 'religious person' among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who consider themselves to be …* | Survey year | Very religious | Somewhat religious | Not too/Not at all religious | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 9% | 60% | 32% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Considering oneself a 'spiritual person' among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who consider themselves to be …* | Survey year | Very spiritual | Somewhat spiritual | Not too/Not at all spiritual | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 33% | 49% | 18% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### In-person religious service attendance when growing up among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who attended religious services in person when growing up …* | Survey year | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | A few times a year | Seldom/Never | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 62% | 11% | 18% | 9% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Importance of religion to your family when growing up among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say when growing up, religion to their family was …* | Survey year | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too/Not at all important | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 38% | 38% | 24% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Personal importance of religion when growing up among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say when growing up, religion was …* | Survey year | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too/Not at all important | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 24% | 39% | 36% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ## Social & political views --- ### Party affiliation among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who identify as …* | Survey year | Rep/lean Rep | No lean | Dem/lean Dem | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 41% | 9% | 50% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Political ideology among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who are …* | Survey year | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 29% | 45% | 23% | 3% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views about abortion among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say abortion should be …* | Survey year | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 72% | 26% | 2% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views about homosexuality among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say homosexuality …* | Survey year | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | No answer/Neither/Both | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 79% | 19% | 2% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views about same-sex marriage among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say same-sex marriage is something they …* | Survey year | Strongly favor/Favor | Strongly oppose/Oppose | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 77% | 21% | 2% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views on morals and good values among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the following statement comes closer to their view* | Survey year | It is necessary to believe in God in order to be moral and have good values | It is possible to be moral and have good values without believing in God | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 22% | 77% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say …* | Survey year | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | No answer/Neither/Both | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 48% | 50% | 2% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views on religion's impact on American society among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the following about religion's impact on American society* | Survey year | Religion does more good than harm | Religion does more harm than good | Religion does equal amounts of good and harm | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 40% | 9% | 49% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views on government assistance to people in need among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say when it comes to assistance for people in need, the government …* | Survey year | Should provide more assistance | Should provide less assistance | Is providing about the right amount of assistance | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 39% | 30% | 31% | <1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views on immigrants among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say that a growing population of immigrants over the last 50 years (has been a) …* | Survey year | Change for the better | Change for the worse | Hasn't made much difference | No answer/Mixed change | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 34% | 41% | 25% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. Because of this “mode shift,” the results of the 2023-24 survey should not be compared with the earlier results in this chart/table. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views about environmental regulation among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say …* | Survey year | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | No answer/Neither/Both | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 40% | 59% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | * The 2023-24 RLS was conducted mainly online and on paper, while the earlier surveys were done by telephone. This “mode shift” complicates trend analysis, but the 2023-24 results shown here can be cautiously compared with the earlier results. Refer to Appendix A for details. Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center* --- ### Views on evolution among interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition *% of interdenominational Protestants in the mainline tradition who say the following statement comes closest to their view* | Survey year | Humans have evolved over time due to processes such as natural selection; God/higher power had no role in this process | Humans have evolved over time due to processes that were guided or allowed by God or a higher power | Humans have existed in their present form since the beginning of time | No answer | Unweighted sample size | Margin of error | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023-24 | 19% | 74% | 6% | 1% | 232 | +-9.4 pct. pts. | Source: Religious Landscape Study of U.S. adults conducted July 17, 2023-March 4, 2024. Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center’s 2007 Religious Landscape Study. *Pew Research Center*