Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Heaven

% of adults who believe in Heaven who …same-sex marriage

Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201446%46%8%24,337
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Heaven by religious group

% of adults who believe in Heaven who …same-sex marriage

Religious traditionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Catholic56%35%9%6,083
Evangelical Protestant28%64%7%7,452
Historically Black Protestant39%53%8%1,761
Jehovah's Witness14%77%9%126
Jewish59%35%6%288
Mainline Protestant54%38%8%4,683
Mormon24%70%6%626
Muslim38%56%5%202
Orthodox Christian50%47%3%138
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")65%27%8%2,430
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are ages…

Views about same-sex marriage18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Strongly favor/favor29%35%24%12%10,692
Oppose/strongly oppose14%32%30%24%11,300
Don't know13%36%28%22%1,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Views about same-sex marriageYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Strongly favor/favor19%17%28%28%7%1%10,692
Oppose/strongly oppose9%11%27%36%16%2%11,300
Don't know7%10%32%33%15%2%1,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMenWomenSample size
Strongly favor/favor41%59%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose50%50%11,546
Don't know46%54%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Strongly favor/favor63%12%4%17%4%10,755
Oppose/strongly oppose65%15%3%13%3%11,397
Don't know61%14%2%18%4%1,877
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Views about same-sex marriageImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Strongly favor/favor14%12%74%10,720
Oppose/strongly oppose14%7%79%11,383
Don't know17%10%73%1,894
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who have a household income of…

Views about same-sex marriageLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Strongly favor/favor36%20%26%18%9,631
Oppose/strongly oppose38%21%26%14%9,951
Don't know45%20%22%14%1,502
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who have completed…

Views about same-sex marriageHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Strongly favor/favor39%34%17%10%10,811
Oppose/strongly oppose49%31%13%7%11,469
Don't know52%30%11%7%1,922
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Strongly favor/favor43%10%12%5%30%10,818
Oppose/strongly oppose55%4%14%9%18%11,500
Don't know48%6%15%12%20%1,916
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Views about same-sex marriageParentsNon-parentsSample size
Strongly favor/favor31%69%10,816
Oppose/strongly oppose30%70%11,500
Don't know30%70%1,928
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say they…

Views about same-sex marriageBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Strongly favor/favor66%27%5%1%1%1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose86%11%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%11,546
Don't know75%19%3%2%1%1%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say religion is…

Views about same-sex marriageVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor50%36%10%4%< 1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose80%16%3%1%< 1%11,546
Don't know67%25%5%2%1%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who attend religious services…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor29%44%27%< 1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose59%28%13%< 1%11,546
Don't know40%37%22%2%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who pray…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor55%22%8%15%< 1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose77%13%4%6%1%11,546
Don't know67%17%5%9%2%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who attend prayer group…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor16%10%10%64%< 1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose43%12%9%35%1%11,546
Don't know29%10%9%49%2%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who meditate…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor35%9%4%50%1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose50%7%4%37%2%11,546
Don't know47%7%3%38%5%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor56%18%12%14%1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose72%12%7%9%1%11,546
Don't know63%13%9%12%3%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor43%17%14%25%1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose45%16%12%26%2%11,546
Don't know45%12%10%30%3%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Views about same-sex marriageReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor25%12%53%9%2%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose57%4%32%4%2%11,546
Don't know38%5%46%5%6%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say…

Views about same-sex marriageThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor26%73%1%1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose47%50%1%1%11,546
Don't know34%60%3%3%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who read scripture…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor27%13%10%50%< 1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose59%11%7%22%1%11,546
Don't know41%13%9%35%1%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say the holy scripture is…

Views about same-sex marriageWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor23%37%2%31%8%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose55%29%4%8%4%11,546
Don't know38%29%7%14%11%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who …in hell

Views about same-sex marriageBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor69%26%5%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose85%11%5%11,546
Don't know73%17%10%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Strongly favor/favor31%17%52%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose53%15%31%11,546
Don't know34%32%34%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Views about same-sex marriageConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor26%41%27%5%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose58%26%11%6%11,546
Don't know38%31%15%15%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who would rather have…

Views about same-sex marriageSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor45%50%2%3%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose61%34%2%3%11,546
Don't know48%37%6%9%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say government aid to the poor…

Views about same-sex marriageDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor39%56%3%1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose57%38%3%2%11,546
Don't know45%41%8%6%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say abortion should be…

Views about same-sex marriageLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor65%32%3%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose29%68%4%11,546
Don't know39%43%18%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say homosexuality…

Views about same-sex marriageShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor91%6%2%1%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose23%70%4%3%11,546
Don't know42%19%18%21%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say…

Views about same-sex marriageStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor32%64%2%2%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose51%43%2%3%11,546
Don't know42%44%5%9%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Heaven by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say humans…

Views about same-sex marriageEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor32%35%4%26%3%10,848
Oppose/strongly oppose12%25%2%55%5%11,546
Don't know15%28%7%37%12%1,943
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.