Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Heaven

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who identify as…

Survey yearRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
201423%18%58%7,973
200725%19%56%6,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Republican/lean Rep., No lean, Democrat/lean Dem.

Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by religious group

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who identify as…

Religious traditionRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Buddhist7%16%77%151
Catholic31%20%49%709
Evangelical Protestant57%15%29%503
Jewish14%7%79%461
Mainline Protestant34%14%51%861
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")20%18%62%4,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Republican/lean Rep., No lean, Democrat/lean Dem.

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are ages…

Party affiliation18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Republican/lean Rep.24%35%26%16%1,820
No lean31%37%21%11%1,183
Democrat/lean Dem.29%34%22%15%4,851
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Party affiliationYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Republican/lean Rep.15%17%27%30%10%1%1,820
No lean18%22%29%25%6%1%1,183
Democrat/lean Dem.18%18%27%26%9%1%4,851
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Party affiliationMenWomenSample size
Republican/lean Rep.68%32%1,837
No lean60%40%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.54%46%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who identify as…

Party affiliationWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Republican/lean Rep.80%2%5%10%3%1,806
No lean60%6%8%22%5%1,191
Democrat/lean Dem.72%6%6%12%4%4,851
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Party affiliationImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Republican/lean Rep.11%11%78%1,821
No lean26%10%64%1,203
Democrat/lean Dem.15%14%70%4,868
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who have a household income of…

Party affiliationLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Republican/lean Rep.18%22%30%30%1,659
No lean44%18%23%15%1,001
Democrat/lean Dem.23%18%30%29%4,515
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who have completed…

Party affiliationHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Republican/lean Rep.36%31%19%13%1,830
No lean45%30%16%9%1,218
Democrat/lean Dem.22%29%27%22%4,887
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Party affiliationMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Republican/lean Rep.52%8%12%4%25%1,828
No lean39%11%13%3%33%1,224
Democrat/lean Dem.43%11%12%4%31%4,888
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Party affiliationParentsNon-parentsSample size
Republican/lean Rep.27%73%1,831
No lean28%72%1,228
Democrat/lean Dem.23%77%4,891
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say they…

Party affiliationBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Republican/lean Rep.32%23%11%1%30%4%1,837
No lean31%18%8%1%36%5%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.16%19%14%1%46%5%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say religion is…

Party affiliationVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.23%19%26%31%1%1,837
No lean22%20%19%37%1%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.12%19%24%43%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services…

Party affiliationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.16%27%57%< 1%1,837
No lean15%22%62%1%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.8%27%65%< 1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who pray…

Party affiliationAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.26%10%6%57%1%1,837
No lean26%8%5%60%1%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.17%9%6%68%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who attend prayer group…

Party affiliationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.12%5%4%78%< 1%1,837
No lean13%4%5%78%< 1%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.5%3%4%87%< 1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who meditate…

Party affiliationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.29%10%4%56%1%1,837
No lean37%8%5%47%2%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.30%11%6%52%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Party affiliationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.42%14%9%34%1%1,837
No lean46%12%8%31%3%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.41%17%12%29%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Party affiliationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.45%15%14%25%1%1,837
No lean51%12%10%25%2%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.52%18%14%16%< 1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Party affiliationReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.17%13%56%13%1%1,837
No lean13%16%51%17%4%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.5%22%49%22%2%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say…

Party affiliationThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.35%63%1%1%1,837
No lean24%73%2%2%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.16%82%1%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who read scripture…

Party affiliationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.18%6%5%70%1%1,837
No lean17%4%7%71%1%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.8%6%7%79%< 1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say the holy scripture is…

Party affiliationWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.13%12%1%69%5%1,837
No lean9%11%2%69%9%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.4%6%< 1%87%4%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who …in hell

Party affiliationBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.12%85%3%1,837
No lean7%91%1%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.4%95%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Party affiliationConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.47%39%11%2%1,837
No lean16%36%27%21%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.6%30%62%2%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who would rather have…

Party affiliationSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.82%16%1%1%1,837
No lean55%36%5%5%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.31%61%4%4%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say government aid to the poor…

Party affiliationDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.71%25%3%1%1,837
No lean41%50%6%3%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.16%80%3%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say abortion should be…

Party affiliationLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.61%36%4%1,837
No lean65%28%7%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.88%11%2%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say homosexuality…

Party affiliationShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.69%25%3%3%1,837
No lean72%18%5%4%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.92%6%1%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who …same-sex marriage

Party affiliationStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.59%34%7%1,837
No lean69%21%9%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.90%7%2%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say…

Party affiliationStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.50%45%3%2%1,837
No lean29%61%4%6%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.12%86%1%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by political party

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say humans…

Party affiliationEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Republican/lean Rep.58%12%4%24%2%1,837
No lean57%15%5%20%3%1,234
Democrat/lean Dem.79%9%3%8%1%4,902
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.