Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201441%9%4%44%2%26,567
200742%7%4%44%3%24,726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

Frequency of meditation among non-parents by religious group

% of non-parents who meditate…

Religious traditionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Buddhist68%6%6%18%1%217
Catholic41%9%4%45%1%5,411
Evangelical Protestant51%7%3%37%2%6,385
Hindu34%8%7%51%< 1%115
Historically Black Protestant57%8%3%29%2%1,421
Jehovah's Witness77%2%2%15%4%182
Jewish28%8%6%56%2%661
Mainline Protestant38%10%5%46%2%4,844
Mormon60%10%1%27%2%419
Muslim37%8%6%40%9%147
Orthodox Christian37%6%7%49%1%137
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")25%10%6%58%1%5,788
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who are ages…

Frequency of meditation18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
At least once a week16%19%34%31%11,334
Once or twice a month30%22%28%21%2,165
Several times a year29%21%28%22%1,169
Seldom/never31%21%30%18%10,885
Don't know12%20%26%42%468
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who are…

Frequency of meditationYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
At least once a week11%8%15%41%21%2%11,334
Once or twice a month21%14%17%33%13%2%2,165
Several times a year20%15%16%34%14%1%1,169
Seldom/never22%13%17%36%11%1%10,885
Don't know8%5%18%37%27%5%468
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who are…

Frequency of meditationMenWomenSample size
At least once a week46%54%11,594
Once or twice a month51%49%2,197
Several times a year55%45%1,188
Seldom/never54%46%11,079
Don't know55%45%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who identify as…

Frequency of meditationWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
At least once a week64%15%2%15%4%11,381
Once or twice a month66%11%5%14%4%2,167
Several times a year71%8%5%12%4%1,176
Seldom/never74%8%4%10%3%10,955
Don't know67%9%5%17%2%485
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who are…

Frequency of meditationImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
At least once a week14%10%76%11,444
Once or twice a month14%12%74%2,165
Several times a year15%12%73%1,179
Seldom/never10%12%79%10,940
Don't know23%8%69%489
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who have a household income of…

Frequency of meditationLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
At least once a week40%21%24%15%9,857
Once or twice a month35%21%26%18%1,944
Several times a year34%20%26%21%1,043
Seldom/never32%22%28%19%9,548
Don't know53%15%22%11%317
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who have completed…

Frequency of meditationHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
At least once a week42%31%16%11%11,519
Once or twice a month39%34%16%11%2,193
Several times a year36%29%22%13%1,182
Seldom/never44%31%16%9%11,030
Don't know53%26%13%9%497
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who are…

Frequency of meditationMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
At least once a week44%6%15%12%23%11,523
Once or twice a month37%7%13%7%36%2,191
Several times a year37%9%12%6%36%1,183
Seldom/never39%7%12%6%36%11,045
Don't know41%4%14%17%23%488
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say they…

Frequency of meditationBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
At least once a week76%14%3%1%4%1%11,594
Once or twice a month54%26%8%1%9%3%2,197
Several times a year49%25%9%< 1%13%3%1,188
Seldom/never51%22%7%1%16%3%11,079
Don't know72%13%3%3%4%6%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say religion is…

Frequency of meditationVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
At least once a week70%17%6%7%1%11,594
Once or twice a month44%31%14%11%1%2,197
Several times a year37%33%17%13%< 1%1,188
Seldom/never37%30%16%17%< 1%11,079
Don't know71%12%6%5%6%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who attend religious services…

Frequency of meditationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week50%27%22%1%11,594
Once or twice a month29%41%30%< 1%2,197
Several times a year21%43%36%< 1%1,188
Seldom/never22%35%43%< 1%11,079
Don't know46%27%20%8%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who pray…

Frequency of meditationAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week75%12%3%10%1%11,594
Once or twice a month42%21%11%25%1%2,197
Several times a year36%20%10%33%1%1,188
Seldom/never38%17%7%38%1%11,079
Don't know62%10%3%11%14%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who attend prayer group…

Frequency of meditationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week38%10%8%43%1%11,594
Once or twice a month17%13%9%61%< 1%2,197
Several times a year10%6%15%69%< 1%1,188
Seldom/never12%6%7%75%< 1%11,079
Don't know31%8%9%40%11%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Frequency of meditationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week79%10%5%6%1%11,594
Once or twice a month53%25%10%11%1%2,197
Several times a year40%20%25%14%1%1,188
Seldom/never42%16%12%28%1%11,079
Don't know57%8%6%11%19%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Frequency of meditationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week61%13%8%16%2%11,594
Once or twice a month48%20%14%17%1%2,197
Several times a year40%18%23%18%1%1,188
Seldom/never34%16%15%33%1%11,079
Don't know41%7%10%21%20%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Frequency of meditationReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
At least once a week44%11%36%6%3%11,594
Once or twice a month27%16%45%10%2%2,197
Several times a year22%13%51%12%1%1,188
Seldom/never23%11%53%11%2%11,079
Don't know44%6%32%8%10%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say…

Frequency of meditationThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week38%59%2%2%11,594
Once or twice a month27%71%1%1%2,197
Several times a year26%72%1%1%1,188
Seldom/never29%69%1%1%11,079
Don't know36%56%3%6%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who read scripture…

Frequency of meditationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week55%9%7%28%1%11,594
Once or twice a month24%18%12%46%< 1%2,197
Several times a year15%9%21%54%< 1%1,188
Seldom/never18%9%8%65%< 1%11,079
Don't know41%11%6%26%16%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say the holy scripture is…

Frequency of meditationWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week40%25%3%24%7%11,594
Once or twice a month23%25%2%42%8%2,197
Several times a year21%26%1%45%6%1,188
Seldom/never22%27%2%42%7%11,079
Don't know42%17%7%19%15%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who …in heaven

Frequency of meditationBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week76%17%7%11,594
Once or twice a month67%25%7%2,197
Several times a year62%31%7%1,188
Seldom/never66%26%7%11,079
Don't know68%13%19%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who …in hell

Frequency of meditationBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week62%30%9%11,594
Once or twice a month51%41%8%2,197
Several times a year46%44%9%1,188
Seldom/never52%40%8%11,079
Don't know54%23%23%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who identify as…

Frequency of meditationRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
At least once a week38%18%45%11,594
Once or twice a month34%16%51%2,197
Several times a year30%14%56%1,188
Seldom/never38%17%45%11,079
Don't know39%27%34%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who are…

Frequency of meditationConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
At least once a week40%31%23%7%11,594
Once or twice a month31%35%29%5%2,197
Several times a year26%39%31%4%1,188
Seldom/never33%35%26%6%11,079
Don't know39%21%18%22%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who would rather have…

Frequency of meditationSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
At least once a week52%40%4%4%11,594
Once or twice a month50%43%3%4%2,197
Several times a year49%45%2%3%1,188
Seldom/never53%41%3%4%11,079
Don't know51%33%6%11%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say government aid to the poor…

Frequency of meditationDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week43%50%4%3%11,594
Once or twice a month39%56%3%2%2,197
Several times a year39%55%4%2%1,188
Seldom/never46%49%3%2%11,079
Don't know49%36%5%10%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say abortion should be…

Frequency of meditationLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
At least once a week47%48%5%11,594
Once or twice a month62%34%4%2,197
Several times a year66%32%3%1,188
Seldom/never60%36%4%11,079
Don't know37%49%14%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say homosexuality…

Frequency of meditationShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week52%39%4%4%11,594
Once or twice a month70%24%3%3%2,197
Several times a year72%23%3%2%1,188
Seldom/never69%24%4%3%11,079
Don't know37%43%7%13%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who …same-sex marriage

Frequency of meditationStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
At least once a week43%48%9%11,594
Once or twice a month63%31%6%2,197
Several times a year62%33%5%1,188
Seldom/never62%32%7%11,079
Don't know27%50%23%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say…

Frequency of meditationStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week38%55%3%4%11,594
Once or twice a month32%63%2%2%2,197
Several times a year32%64%2%2%1,188
Seldom/never38%57%2%3%11,079
Don't know46%34%5%15%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among non-parents by frequency of meditation

% of non-parents who say humans…

Frequency of meditationEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
At least once a week24%25%4%41%6%11,594
Once or twice a month38%26%5%27%3%2,197
Several times a year44%24%4%24%3%1,188
Seldom/never41%24%4%28%3%11,079
Don't know14%14%11%42%18%509
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.