Survey yearWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
201440%23%3%27%7%8,845
200744%23%4%20%9%8,068
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Word of God; should be taken literally, Word of God; not everything taken literally, Not the word of God

Interpreting scripture among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by religious group

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say the holy scripture is…

Religious traditionWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Catholic39%27%3%23%7%1,812
Evangelical Protestant57%26%4%8%5%2,370
Historically Black Protestant67%19%2%8%4%791
Jehovah's Witness54%36%2%3%5%102
Mainline Protestant37%30%2%22%9%1,208
Mormon41%46%3%6%4%131
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")16%15%1%60%8%1,852
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Word of God; should be taken literally, Word of God; not everything taken literally, Not the word of God

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who are ages…

Interpreting scripture18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Word of God; should be taken literally17%33%28%22%3,426
Word of God; not everything taken literally31%28%22%19%2,055
Word of God; other/don't know13%26%28%32%262
Not the word of God40%29%18%13%2,362
Other/don't know22%28%29%21%663
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who are…

Interpreting scriptureYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally9%14%27%33%15%2%3,426
Word of God; not everything taken literally19%18%23%27%13%1%2,055
Word of God; other/don't know6%9%24%33%23%4%262
Not the word of God23%25%21%22%8%1%2,362
Other/don't know11%17%23%34%13%2%663
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who are…

Interpreting scriptureMenWomenSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally38%62%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally40%60%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know36%64%267
Not the word of God51%49%2,376
Other/don't know45%55%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who identify as…

Interpreting scriptureWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally42%25%2%27%4%3,432
Word of God; not everything taken literally59%14%2%19%5%2,061
Word of God; other/don't know59%13%1%23%4%263
Not the word of God62%9%4%20%6%2,352
Other/don't know59%13%3%20%5%656
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who are…

Interpreting scriptureImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally23%8%69%3,389
Word of God; not everything taken literally17%10%73%2,046
Word of God; other/don't know22%5%72%262
Not the word of God15%14%71%2,338
Other/don't know18%9%73%650
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who have completed…

Interpreting scriptureHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally70%24%4%1%3,446
Word of God; not everything taken literally57%33%7%3%2,072
Word of God; other/don't know63%27%7%3%265
Not the word of God49%36%10%5%2,369
Other/don't know55%35%9%2%665
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who are…

Interpreting scriptureMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally33%8%21%13%25%3,446
Word of God; not everything taken literally28%9%20%10%34%2,071
Word of God; other/don't know30%6%21%21%22%265
Not the word of God20%14%18%6%41%2,368
Other/don't know22%12%23%11%32%666
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who are…

Interpreting scriptureParentsNon-parentsSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally31%69%3,452
Word of God; not everything taken literally29%71%2,072
Word of God; other/don't know24%76%266
Not the word of God25%75%2,370
Other/don't know24%76%669
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say they…

Interpreting scriptureBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally84%13%2%1%< 1%< 1%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally73%23%3%1%1%< 1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know79%16%1%2%< 1%2%267
Not the word of God34%26%13%1%23%4%2,376
Other/don't know61%23%5%3%4%4%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say religion is…

Interpreting scriptureVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally83%13%2%1%< 1%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally58%32%7%3%< 1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know74%21%3%1%1%267
Not the word of God21%32%19%26%1%2,376
Other/don't know50%26%14%6%3%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who attend religious services…

Interpreting scriptureAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally53%30%15%1%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally35%39%26%1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know48%30%22%< 1%267
Not the word of God11%30%59%< 1%2,376
Other/don't know23%37%38%2%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who pray…

Interpreting scriptureAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally77%14%3%5%< 1%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally63%20%6%10%< 1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know79%8%3%7%2%267
Not the word of God31%14%8%46%1%2,376
Other/don't know55%14%8%20%4%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who attend prayer group…

Interpreting scriptureAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally43%14%9%33%1%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally25%11%11%53%< 1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know34%10%10%44%2%267
Not the word of God6%5%5%84%< 1%2,376
Other/don't know15%8%8%65%4%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who meditate…

Interpreting scriptureAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally56%8%3%31%2%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally41%8%4%45%1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know53%5%2%35%5%267
Not the word of God33%10%4%51%1%2,376
Other/don't know43%10%4%39%3%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Interpreting scriptureAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally72%11%7%9%1%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally59%16%9%15%1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know65%11%10%8%6%267
Not the word of God42%17%10%31%1%2,376
Other/don't know54%13%9%20%3%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Interpreting scriptureAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally49%13%10%26%2%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally44%15%13%27%1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know44%12%12%23%10%267
Not the word of God52%15%9%24%1%2,376
Other/don't know49%11%12%25%4%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Interpreting scriptureReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally54%6%32%6%2%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally34%10%49%6%2%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know43%3%37%5%12%267
Not the word of God9%17%58%15%1%2,376
Other/don't know22%10%55%7%5%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say…

Interpreting scriptureThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally35%62%1%2%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally30%68%1%1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know34%57%4%5%267
Not the word of God18%79%1%1%2,376
Other/don't know25%68%5%2%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who read scripture…

Interpreting scriptureAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally61%11%6%21%1%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally38%14%11%37%< 1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know53%10%6%29%2%267
Not the word of God13%8%7%71%< 1%2,376
Other/don't know32%11%9%47%2%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who …in heaven

Interpreting scriptureBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally92%4%4%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally88%8%4%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know84%6%11%267
Not the word of God48%43%9%2,376
Other/don't know67%12%21%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who …in hell

Interpreting scriptureBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally80%13%6%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally71%24%6%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know74%10%15%267
Not the word of God33%58%9%2,376
Other/don't know52%27%21%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who identify as…

Interpreting scriptureRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Word of God; should be taken literally30%21%49%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally32%21%48%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know28%34%38%267
Not the word of God19%25%56%2,376
Other/don't know20%34%46%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who are…

Interpreting scriptureConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally43%28%21%8%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally33%38%22%7%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know41%26%18%16%267
Not the word of God19%33%40%8%2,376
Other/don't know26%33%26%15%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who would rather have…

Interpreting scriptureSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally31%64%2%3%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally44%51%2%3%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know33%50%5%11%267
Not the word of God42%50%4%4%2,376
Other/don't know34%45%9%12%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say government aid to the poor…

Interpreting scriptureDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally37%57%4%3%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally37%58%4%1%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know37%46%11%6%267
Not the word of God30%65%3%2%2,376
Other/don't know29%55%11%6%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say abortion should be…

Interpreting scriptureLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally33%62%4%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally48%50%3%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know35%48%17%267
Not the word of God71%26%4%2,376
Other/don't know53%34%13%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say homosexuality…

Interpreting scriptureShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally43%49%4%4%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally63%31%4%2%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know44%40%6%10%267
Not the word of God83%13%3%2%2,376
Other/don't know61%23%8%8%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who …same-sex marriage

Interpreting scriptureStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally32%60%9%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally53%40%7%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know30%47%23%267
Not the word of God75%18%7%2,376
Other/don't know55%29%16%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say…

Interpreting scriptureStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally45%48%2%5%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally40%57%1%2%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know32%44%8%16%267
Not the word of God30%65%2%3%2,376
Other/don't know35%51%5%8%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults with a household income of less than $30,000 by interpretation of scripture

% of adults with a household income of less than $30,000 who say humans…

Interpreting scriptureEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Word of God; should be taken literally16%24%3%52%6%3,455
Word of God; not everything taken literally22%33%2%39%3%2,075
Word of God; other/don't know14%19%7%37%23%267
Not the word of God55%19%4%19%3%2,376
Other/don't know28%24%11%25%12%672
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.