Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201458%34%8%5,483
200759%30%11%4,901
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

Belief in Hell among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by religious group

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who …in hell

Religious traditionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Catholic65%26%9%1,110
Evangelical Protestant83%11%6%1,330
Historically Black Protestant86%12%3%291
Jewish22%69%9%144
Mainline Protestant63%28%10%982
Mormon64%28%8%148
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")23%68%9%1,186
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who are ages…

Belief in Hell18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Believe27%35%26%12%3,001
Don't believe29%36%22%14%1,961
Other/don't know22%33%27%18%447
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who are…

Belief in HellYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Believe18%15%29%29%8%1%3,001
Don't believe18%19%28%26%9%1%1,961
Other/don't know16%13%27%32%10%2%447
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who are…

Belief in HellMenWomenSample size
Believe46%54%3,041
Don't believe51%49%1,988
Other/don't know50%50%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who identify as…

Belief in HellWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Believe66%14%3%14%3%3,011
Don't believe74%6%5%11%4%1,963
Other/don't know74%7%5%12%3%443
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who are…

Belief in HellImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Believe13%8%79%3,000
Don't believe16%12%72%1,976
Other/don't know13%11%76%446
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who have a household income of…

Belief in HellLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Believe32%22%28%18%2,717
Don't believe23%18%30%28%1,833
Other/don't know29%13%31%27%378
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who have completed…

Belief in HellHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Believe41%35%16%9%3,030
Don't believe28%31%23%19%1,984
Other/don't know29%38%19%15%451
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who are…

Belief in HellMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Believe50%6%12%5%27%3,035
Don't believe46%10%12%3%29%1,985
Other/don't know51%6%12%5%25%451
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who are…

Belief in HellParentsNon-parentsSample size
Believe34%66%3,035
Don't believe27%73%1,982
Other/don't know27%73%452
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say they…

Belief in HellBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Believe78%19%2%< 1%1%1%3,041
Don't believe33%25%10%< 1%28%4%1,988
Other/don't know52%24%9%1%4%9%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say religion is…

Belief in HellVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Believe68%25%5%1%< 1%3,041
Don't believe24%27%23%26%1%1,988
Other/don't know43%32%15%9%2%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who attend religious services…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe49%34%17%< 1%3,041
Don't believe17%35%48%< 1%1,988
Other/don't know25%37%37%1%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who pray…

Belief in HellAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe66%20%6%8%< 1%3,041
Don't believe29%14%7%49%< 1%1,988
Other/don't know45%21%7%24%2%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who attend prayer group…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe30%16%10%43%1%3,041
Don't believe11%6%6%77%< 1%1,988
Other/don't know16%6%9%65%3%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who meditate…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe40%11%4%44%1%3,041
Don't believe29%12%6%53%1%1,988
Other/don't know30%11%8%49%2%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe62%21%9%7%1%3,041
Don't believe40%26%12%21%1%1,988
Other/don't know46%26%13%15%1%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Belief in HellReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Believe44%7%42%6%2%3,041
Don't believe13%17%53%16%1%1,988
Other/don't know26%15%50%5%4%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say…

Belief in HellThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe39%59%1%1%3,041
Don't believe23%76%1%1%1,988
Other/don't know29%67%3%1%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who read scripture…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe45%15%9%30%1%3,041
Don't believe15%9%7%69%< 1%1,988
Other/don't know21%13%10%55%1%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say the holy scripture is…

Belief in HellWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Believe40%38%3%15%5%3,041
Don't believe9%16%1%69%5%1,988
Other/don't know17%26%2%37%19%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who …in heaven

Belief in HellBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Believe96%2%2%3,041
Don't believe36%59%5%1,988
Other/don't know48%3%49%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who identify as…

Belief in HellRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Believe47%13%39%3,041
Don't believe25%16%59%1,988
Other/don't know39%20%42%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who are…

Belief in HellConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Believe45%35%16%4%3,041
Don't believe19%38%39%4%1,988
Other/don't know39%34%19%8%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who would rather have…

Belief in HellSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Believe56%40%1%2%3,041
Don't believe48%46%3%3%1,988
Other/don't know53%33%7%7%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say government aid to the poor…

Belief in HellDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe51%44%3%2%3,041
Don't believe33%62%3%2%1,988
Other/don't know43%45%8%4%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say abortion should be…

Belief in HellLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Believe44%53%2%3,041
Don't believe76%21%2%1,988
Other/don't know54%39%8%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say homosexuality…

Belief in HellShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe55%39%3%3%3,041
Don't believe84%12%2%2%1,988
Other/don't know62%28%6%4%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who …same-sex marriage

Belief in HellStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Believe45%50%5%3,041
Don't believe79%16%5%1,988
Other/don't know56%34%11%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say…

Belief in HellStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe42%54%2%2%3,041
Don't believe24%72%2%3%1,988
Other/don't know37%53%4%6%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who say humans…

Belief in HellEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Believe20%31%3%43%3%3,041
Don't believe63%17%3%15%2%1,988
Other/don't know34%24%8%27%6%454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.