DemographicInformation

Age distribution among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who are ages…

Survey year18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
201452%29%13%6%565
200738%36%22%3%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who are…

Survey yearYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
201436%24%21%16%3%< 1%565
2007< 1%28%34%32%6%< 1%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who are…

Survey yearMenWomenSample size
201459%41%573
200755%45%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who identify as…

Survey yearWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
201474%10%2%10%3%565
200779%9%3%5%5%262
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who are…

Survey yearImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
20148%14%79%567
200712%7%81%263
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who have a household income of…

Survey yearLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
201431%22%27%21%517
200732%20%26%21%225
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who have completed…

Survey yearHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
201435%36%20%9%572
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who are…

Survey yearMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
201428%14%11%1%46%572
200741%12%9%1%37%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who are…

Survey yearParentsNon-parentsSample size
201423%77%571
200736%64%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say they…

Survey yearBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
201419%23%16%< 1%36%6%573
200734%27%10%< 1%18%11%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say religion is…

Survey yearVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
20147%24%29%41%< 1%573
200715%34%23%26%3%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who attend religious services…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
20143%26%70%< 1%573
20075%24%71%1%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who pray…

Survey yearAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201414%11%9%66%< 1%573
200722%16%16%44%1%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who attend prayer group…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
20143%3%3%90%< 1%573
20076%3%4%86%1%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who meditate…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201424%19%8%48%1%573
200732%16%7%44%1%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Survey yearReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
20144%25%50%19%2%573
20075%17%65%9%3%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say…

Survey yearThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201418%80%1%1%573
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who read scripture…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
20146%5%8%81%< 1%573
200711%11%10%67%1%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say the holy scripture is…

Survey yearWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
20145%9%< 1%81%5%573
20079%14%< 1%69%8%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who …in heaven

Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201430%60%10%573
200739%49%11%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who …in hell

Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201420%72%7%573
200731%60%9%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who identify as…

Survey yearRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
201420%19%61%573
200716%15%69%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who are…

Survey yearConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
201415%34%45%5%573
200716%34%45%4%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who would rather have…

Survey yearSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
201447%47%4%3%573
200739%50%5%7%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say government aid to the poor…

Survey yearDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201431%64%3%2%573
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say abortion should be…

Survey yearLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
201479%19%2%573
200773%22%4%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say homosexuality…

Survey yearShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201491%6%2%1%573
200779%14%3%3%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who …same-sex marriage

Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201486%9%6%573
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say…

Survey yearStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201422%75%2%1%573
200718%78%2%2%265
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week

% of the Unaffiliated adults who feel a deep sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe at least once a week who say humans…

Survey yearEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
201472%10%5%11%2%573
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.