---
title: "Appendix A: Sources"
description: "This appendix lists the survey sources used to measure religious switching, importance of religion and daily prayer for adults in 102 countries and territories. ‘Religion and Spirituality in East Asian Societies’ (this report; fieldwork in 2023) Hong KongJapanSouth KoreaTaiwanVietnam Various U.S. surveys (fieldwork in 2022-2023)[10. numoffset=”10″ For the United States, figures on religious switching were calculated […]"
date: "2024-06-17"
authors:
  - name: "Jonathan Evans"
    job_title: "Senior Researcher"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/jonathan-evans/"
  - name: "Alan Cooperman"
    job_title: "Director, Religion Research"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/alan-cooperman/"
  - name: "Kelsey Jo Starr"
    job_title: "Former Research Analyst"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/kelsey-jo-starr/"
  - name: "Manolo Corichi"
    job_title: "Former Research Analyst"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/manolo-corichi/"
  - name: "William Miner"
    job_title: "Research Analyst"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/william-miner/"
  - name: "Kirsten Lesage"
    job_title: "Research Associate"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/kirsten-lesage/"
url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2024/06/17/religion-in-east-asia-appendix-a-sources/"
categories:
  - "Beliefs & Practices"
  - "Buddhism"
  - "Christianity"
  - "Non-Religion & Secularism"
  - "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project"
  - "Religious Identity & Affiliation"
  - "Religiously Unaffiliated"
datasets:
  - name: "East Asian Societies Survey Dataset"
    url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/dataset/east-asian-societies-survey-dataset/"
---

# Appendix A: Sources

This appendix lists the survey sources used to measure [religious switching](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2024/06/17/religion-and-spirituality-in-east-asian-societies/#religious-switching-in-east-asia-compared-with-the-rest-of-the-world), [importance of religion](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2024/06/17/religion-as-a-way-of-life/#importance-of-religion-around-the-world) and [daily prayer](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2024/06/17/practices/#daily-prayer-around-the-world) for adults in 102 countries and territories.

#### ‘Religion and Spirituality in East Asian Societies’ (this report; fieldwork in 2023)

Hong Kong
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan
Vietnam

#### Various U.S. surveys (fieldwork in 2022-2023)[10. numoffset="10" For the United States, figures on religious switching were calculated using questions asked on the [American Trends Panel](https://www.pewresearch.org/the-american-trends-panel/) in 2023. U.S. figures on the importance of religion and daily prayer were calculated using pooled data from the 2022 and 2023 [National Public Opinion Reference Survey](https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/fact-sheet/national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors/).]

United States

#### [Religion in South and Southeast Asia](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/09/12/buddhism-islam-and-religious-pluralism-in-south-and-southeast-asia/) (fieldwork in 2022)

Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Thailand

#### [Religion in India](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/06/29/religion-in-india-tolerance-and-segregation/) (fieldwork in 2019-2020)

India

#### [Religion in Western Europe](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/) (fieldwork in 2017)

Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom

#### [Religion in Central and Eastern Europe](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/) (fieldwork in 2015-2016)

Armenia
Belarus
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Estonia
Georgia
Greece
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Ukraine

#### [Religion in Israel](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2016/03/08/israels-religiously-divided-society/) (fieldwork in 2014-2015)

Israel

#### [Religion in Latin America](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america-3/) (fieldwork in 2013-2014)

Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
Uruguay
Venezuela

#### [Survey of the world's Muslims](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/) (fieldwork in 2011-2012)

Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Iraq
Jordan
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Morocco
Niger
Pakistan
Palestinian territories
Tajikistan
Tunisia
Turkey
Uzbekistan

#### [Religion in sub-Saharan Africa](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/04/15/executive-summary-islam-and-christianity-in-sub-saharan-africa/) (fieldwork in 2008-2009)

Botswana
Cameroon
Chad
Djibouti
D.R. Congo
Ethiopia
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Liberia
Mali
Mozambique
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia