This report was produced by Pew Research Center as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Future project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. Funding for the Global Religious Futures project comes from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation.

This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals:

Primary Researcher

Neha Sahgal, Associate Director of Research                                 

Research Team

Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Scott Gardner, Senior Researcher Ariana Monique Salazar, Research Analyst Jonathan Evans, Research Analyst Kelsey Jo Starr, Research Assistant              

Methodology Team

Patrick Moynihan, Associate Director, International Research Methods Steve Schwarzer, Senior Research Methodologist Danielle Cuddington, Research Analyst Gijs van Houten, International Research Methodologist Shaohua Dong, Research Intern

Editorial and Graphic Design

Michael Lipka, Senior Editor Jeff Diamant, Senior Writer/Editor Aleksandra Sandstrom, Copy Editor David Kent, Copy Editor Bill Webster, Information Graphics Designer Diana Yoo, Art Director

Communications and Web Publishing

Stacy Rosenberg, Associate Director, Digital Travis Mitchell, Digital Producer Anna Schiller, Communications Manager Jessica Pumphrey, Communications Associate     

Others at Pew Research Center who provided research guidance include Michael Dimock, James Bell, Claudia Deane, Gregory A. Smith, Conrad Hackett, Phillip Connor, Anna Dean, Besheer Mohamed, Katayoun Kishi and Stephanie Kramer.

Pew Research Center received valuable advice on the questions reported in this survey from: David Voas, professor of social science at University College London; Matthias Koenig, professor in the Institute of Sociology at Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Patrick Simon, senior researcher at the Institut National d’Études Demographiques; Linda Woodhead, professor in the Politics, Philosophy and Religion department at Lancaster University; Naika Foroutan, professor of social sciences at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Tuomas Martikainen, director of the Migration Institute of Finland; Nasar Meer, professor of race, identity and citizenship at the University of Edinburgh.

Additionally, the Center received valuable advice on all phases of this project from expert advisers: Luis Lugo, director of community initiatives at the Doug & Maria DeVos Foundation and former director of religion research at Pew Research Center; the Rev. Thomas Reese, columnist for National Catholic Reporter; the Rev. Dr. Kendall Harmon, canon theologian for the Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina; the Rev. Dr. Steffen Lösel, associate professor of systematic theology at Emory University’s Candler School of Theology; Thomas Albert Howard, professor of history and the humanities at Valparaiso University; Carlos M.N. Eire, professor of history and religious studies at Yale University; the Rev. John William Crossin, director of spiritual formation at Saint Luke Institute; Christopher J. Malloy, associate professor of theology at the University of Dallas; the Rev. Dr. Paul Hinlicky, professor of Lutheran studies at Roanoke College.

While the analysis for this report was guided by our consultations with the advisers, Pew Research Center is solely responsible for the interpretation and reporting of the data.