--- title: "How lawmakers in the new 118th Congress do – and don’t – mirror the nation" description: "Quarterly Update A message from Pew Research Center President Michael Dimock · Subscribe ↗ Dear readers, Every two years, Pew Research Center studies the demographic makeup of the newly elected Congress. Among other things, we look at lawmakers’ race and ethnicity, gender, age, educational background and religion. Then we assess how the demographic profile of Congress has […]" date: "2023-02-27" authors: - name: "Beshay Sakla" url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/newsletter/quarterly-update/how-lawmakers-in-the-new-118th-congress-do-and-dont-mirror-the-nation/" --- # How lawmakers in the new 118th Congress do – and don’t – mirror the nation --- February 27, 2023 ## Quarterly Update *A message from Pew Research Center President Michael Dimock* · [**Subscribe ↗**](https://pewresearch.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=434f5d1199912232d416897e4&id=3e953b9b70) --- Dear readers, Every two years, Pew Research Center studies the demographic makeup of the newly elected Congress. Among other things, we look at lawmakers’ race and ethnicity, gender, age, educational background and religion. Then we assess how the demographic profile of Congress [has changed over time](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/02/07/the-changing-face-of-congress/), and how it compares with that of the nation as a whole. The 118th Congress achieved several demographic milestones when it was sworn in this past January. It is the [most racially and ethnically diverse](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/01/09/u-s-congress-continues-to-grow-in-racial-ethnic-diversity/) Congress to date, has [more women lawmakers](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/01/03/118th-congress-has-a-record-number-of-women/) than any Congress before it, and reached a [new high for lawmakers who are gay, lesbian or bisexual](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/01/11/118th-congress-breaks-record-for-lesbian-gay-and-bisexual-representation/). Religiously, the 118th Congress remains overwhelmingly Christian, with 469 lawmakers identifying this way, but this is the [lowest total since at least 2009](https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/01/03/faith-on-the-hill-2023/). These demographic changes in Congress reflect shifts that are happening in the broader nation. But as you might expect, Congress still looks quite different from the country it was elected to represent. Women account for 28% of all members of Congress, for example, but around half of the overall population. And only one member of Congress – independent Sen. Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona – identifies as religiously unaffiliated, compared with 29% of U.S. adults who identify that way. Pew Research Center studies the demographic composition of Congress for several reasons. One is that this research fits in with our long-term focus on [demographic change in the United States](https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/methodological-research/demographic-research/). Another is that demographic shifts in Congress can have important consequences for politics and policy. New lawmakers often bring new perspectives, and their voices can be influential as Congress tackles [the public’s long to-do list](https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/02/06/economy-remains-the-publics-top-policy-priority-covid-19-concerns-decline-again/) for the coming year and beyond. All my best, **Michael Dimock** President, Pew Research Center **Other new findings on Black Americans:** - [Key facts about the nation’s 47.2 million Black Americans](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/02/10/key-facts-about-black-americans/) - [What Black Americans say is needed to overcome racial inequality](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/01/20/for-black-history-month-a-look-at-what-black-americans-say-is-needed-to-overcome-racial-inequality/) - [A look at Black-owned businesses in the U.S.](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/02/21/a-look-at-black-owned-businesses-in-the-u-s/) - [How today’s parents say their approach to parenting does – or doesn’t – match their own upbringing](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2023/01/24/how-todays-parents-say-their-approach-to-parenting-does-or-doesnt-match-their-own-upbringing/) - [K-12 parents differ by party in how frequently they discuss certain national issues with their children](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/12/13/k-12-parents-differ-by-party-in-how-frequently-they-discuss-certain-national-issues-with-their-children/) - [One-in-four U.S. parents say they’ve struggled to afford food or housing in the past year](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/12/07/one-in-four-u-s-parents-say-theyve-struggled-to-afford-food-or-housing-in-the-past-year/) - [Key findings about online dating in the U.S.](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/02/02/key-findings-about-online-dating-in-the-u-s/) - [5 facts about single Americans](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/02/08/for-valentines-day-5-facts-about-single-americans/) - [About half of never-married Americans have used an online dating site or app](https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/02/24/the-never-been-married-are-biggest-users-of-online-dating/)