---
title: "References"
description: "Blau, F.D., Ferber, M. A. & A. E. Winkler. (2005). Economics of Women, Men, and Work (5th Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall. Boase, J., Chen, W., Wellman, B. & M. Prijatelj. (2003). “Is there a place in cyberspace? The uses and users of the internet in public and private places”. Culture et Geographie, No. 46 (Été), […]"
date: "2008-10-19"
authors:
  - name: "Pew Research Center"
url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2008/10/19/references-4-4/"
---

# References

Blau, F.D., Ferber, M. A. & A. E. Winkler. (2005). *Economics of Women, Men, and Work *(5th Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall.

Boase, J., Chen, W., Wellman, B. & M. Prijatelj. (2003). “Is there a place in cyberspace? The uses and users of the internet in public and private places”. *Culture et Geographie*, No. 46 (Été), pp. 5-20.

Boase, J. & Wellman, B. (2006). “Personal Relationships: On and Off the Internet”, in *Handbook of Personal Relations*, A. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 709-723.

Boneva, B. & R. Kraut. (2002). “Email, gender and personal relationships”, in *The Internet in Everyday Life*, B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite (eds.), Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 372-403.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007). “Employment Characteristics of Families Summary 2007”. United States Department of Labor. Available at: [http://www.bls.gov/news.release/famee.nr0.htm](http://www.bls.gov/news.release/famee.nr0.htm). Last Accessed July 16, 2008.

Copher, J. I., Kanfer, A. G. & M. B. Walker. (2002). “Everyday communication patterns of heavy and light email users”, in *The Internet in Everyday Life*, B. Wellman & C. Haythornthwaite (eds.), Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 263-288.

Hampton, K. & B. Wellman. (2003). “Neighboring in Netville: how the internet supports community and social capital in a wired suburb”. *City and Community*, Vol. 2(3), pp. 277-311.

Haythornthwaite, C. (2005). “Social networks and Internet connectivity effects”, *Information, Communication & Society*, Vol. 8(2), pp. 125-147.

Horrigan, J.B. & L. Rainie. (2002). “Emails that Matter: Changing Patterns of Internet Use over a Year’s Time”, *IT & Society*, Vol. 1(1), pp. 135-150.

Jacobs, J.A., & Gerson, K. (2001). “Overworked individuals or overworked families? explaining trends in work, leisure, and family time”, *Work and Occupations*, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 40-63.

Kennedy, T. & B. Wellman. (2007). “Networked Households”. *Information, Communication & Society, *Vol. 10 (5), pp 644-669.

Mattingly, M. J. & Sayer, L. C. (2006). “Under Pressure: Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Free Time and Feeling Rushed”. *Journal of Marriage and Family*, Vol. 68 (1), pp. 205–221.

McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & M. E. Brashears. (2006). “Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks over Two Decades”. *American Sociological Review, *Vol. 71, June, pp. 353–375.

Milkie, M. A., Mattingly, M. J., Nomaguchi, K. M., Bianchi, S. M. & J. P. Robinson. (2004). “The Time Squeeze: Parental Statuses and Feelings about Time with Children”. *Journal of Marriage and Family*, Vol. 66 (3), pp 739–761.

Mok, D. & B. Wellman. (2007). “Did distance matter before the Internet? Interpersonal contact and support in the 1970s”, *Social Networks*, Vol. 29(3), pp. 430–61.

Moscovitch, A. (1998). “Electronic Media and The Family”. The Vanier Institute of the Family. Available at: [http://www.vifamily.ca/library/cft/media.html](http://www.vifamily.ca/library/cft/media.html) Last Accessed July 16, 2008.

Nie, N., Hillygus D. S. (2002). “The Impact Of Internet Use On Sociability: time-diary findings,” *IT & Society*, Vol. 1(1), pp. 1-20.

Paxton, P. (1999). “Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment” *American Journal of Sociology*, Vol. 105, pp. 88–127.

Putnam, R. (2000). *Bowling Alone*. New York: Simon, Schuster.

Turcotte, M. (2007). “Time spent with family during a typical work day 1986 to 2006”. Canadian Social Trends, Statistics Canada – Catalogue No. 11-08. Available at: [http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/11-008-XIE/2006007/pdf/11-008-XIE20060079574.pdf](http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/11-008-XIE/2006007/pdf/11-008-XIE20060079574.pdf). Last Accessed July 16, 2008.

Quan-Haase, A., & B. Wellman. (2004). “How does the Internet affect social capital?”, in *Social capital and Information technology*, M. Huysman, & V. Wulf (eds.), Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 151-176.

Robinson, J.P, & Godbey, G. (1997). *Time for Life*. Pennsylvania State University Press: University Park.

Rotolo, T. (1999). “Trends in Voluntary Association Participation Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector”, *Quarterly*, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 199-212.

Sayer, L. (2005). “Gender, Time and Inequality: Trends in Women's and Men's Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Free Time.” *Social Forces,* Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 285-303.

Wang, H. & B. Wellman. (2008). “The Internet and the Increasingly Connected American Life: Trend Spotting Through a Year-to-Year Comparison, 2002-2007.” International Communication Association, Montréal, May.

Wellman, B. & B. Hogan with J. Boase, K. Berg, J. Carrasco, J. Kayahara, and T. Kennedy (2006). “Connected Lives: The Project” in *Networked Neighbourhoods: The Connected Community in Context*, Patrick Purcell (ed). Berlin: Springer, pp 161-216.

Wellman, B., & C. Haythornthwaite (eds.) (2002). *The Internet in Everyday Life*, Blackwell, Oxford.