Views About National Identity Becoming More Inclusive in U.S., Western Europe

PG_2021.05.05_Cultural-Grievances_FINAL

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Views About National Identity Becoming More Inclusive in U.S., Western Europe

Fewer now say criteria for national belonging like birthplace, religion are important

Differing views about changing traditions, recognizing discrimination and avoiding offending others

Americans more likely than British, Germans or French to see discrimination against Christians

Ideological gaps on issues of tradition, offending others, seeing discrimination

Large ideological divides on pride in country in the U.S., UK

Focus groups in U.S., UK find that left and right see the same aspects of history through a very different lens

Most surveyed see speaking the dominant language as critical to belonging

Criteria for national belonging have become less strict for many, particularly Britons and Americans

Views about national identity have shifted significantly among American moderates and liberals, and to a lesser extent, among conservatives as well

Significant ideological divides on issue of national identity, especially in U.S.

Leavers have more restrictive view of national identity than Remainers

Republicans have more restrictive view of national identity than Democrats

Supporters of right-wing populist parties more likely to see criteria for belonging in their country

Older people have stricter views on national belonging

Rising shares say immigrants want to adopt way of life of their new country

Larger shares say immigrants want to adopt customs, including significant shifts among those on the ideological right

In focus groups, Republicans, Leavers stressed assimilation

In focus groups, Democrats, Remainers highlighted benefits of multiculturalism

Muslims and Jews seen as facing more discrimination than Christians

In U.S., those on the right more likely to say Christians face discrimination than in UK, France, Germany

Fewer right-wing populist party supporters say Muslims face discrimination

Many say bigger problem is discrimination going unseen

Younger and more educated people more concerned about discrimination

Large ideological splits on issue of seeing discrimination in society

Germans slightly favor being careful to avoid offense; in other publics, more say people are too easily offended

Ideological left more concerned with avoiding offense with what they say

Republicans, Leavers share similar views on politically correct culture but focus on different aspects

Democrats and Remainers see positives in politically correct culture, though some worry about downsides

Most say they are proud or a mix of proud and ashamed of their country

Britons and Americans on the ideological right much more likely to express pride in their country

Focus group participants in U.S. and UK cite racism, political correctness as things that make them embarrassed

Outside of France, majorities are open to traditions changing

Younger adults more likely to say their country will be better off if open to changing traditions

Right-wing populist supporters in Germany, UK, France more likely than nonsupporters to say their country should stick to its traditions

European populist party classifications

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PG_2021.05.05_Cultural-Grievances_FINAL

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