---
title: "Appendix A: References"
description: "Anderson, Monica. 2015. “A Rising Share of the U.S. Black Population is Foreign Born.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, April. Connor, Phillip. 2018. “At Least a Million Sub-Saharan Africans Moved to Europe Since 2010.”  Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, March. Connor, Phillip. 2017. “Applications for U.S. visa lottery more than doubled since 2007.” Washington, D.C.: […]"
date: "2018-04-24"
authors:
  - name: "Monica Anderson"
    job_title: "Director, Internet and Technology Research"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/monica-anderson/"
  - name: "Phillip Connor"
    job_title: "Former Senior Researcher"
    link: "https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/phillip-connor/"
url: "https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018/04/24/references-sub-saharan-african-immigrants-demographic-profile/"
---

# Appendix A: References

Anderson, Monica. 2015. “[A Rising Share of the U.S. Black Population is Foreign Born](https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/04/09/a-rising-share-of-the-u-s-black-population-is-foreign-born/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, April.

Connor, Phillip. 2018. “[At Least a Million Sub-Saharan Africans Moved to Europe Since 2010.](https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018/03/22/at-least-a-million-sub-saharan-africans-moved-to-europe-since-2010/)” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, March.

Connor, Phillip. 2017. “[Applications for U.S. visa lottery more than doubled since 2007](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/03/24/applications-for-u-s-visa-lottery-more-than-doubled-since-2007/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, March.

Connor, Phillip. 2017. “[Still in Limbo: About a Million Asylum Seekers Await Word on Whether They Can Call Europe Home](https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2017/09/20/a-million-asylum-seekers-await-word-on-whether-they-can-call-europe-home/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, September.

Capps, Randy, Kristen McCabe and Michael Fix. 2012. “[Diverse Streams: African Migration to the United States.](https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/CBI-african-migration-united-states)” Washington, D.C.: Migration Policy Institute, April.

De Haas, Hein. 2009. “[The Myth of Invasion: The Inconvenient Realities of African Migration to Europe](https://heindehaas.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/de-haas-2008-the-myth-of-invasion.pdf).” Abingdon, UK: [Third World Quarterly](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436590802386435), February.

Dumont, Jean-Christophe, Gilles Spielvogel and Sarah Widmaier. 2010. “[International Migrants Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries: An Extended Profile.](http://www.oecd.org/els/mig/46535333.pdf)” Paris, France: OECD, December.

Malheiros, Jorge. 2002. “[Portugal Seeks Balance on Emigration, Immigration](https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/portugal-seeks-balance-emigration-immigration).” Washington, D.C.: Migration Policy Institute, December.

Passel, Jeffrey S, and D’Vera Cohn. 2017. “[As Mexican Share Declined, U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Population Fell in 2015 Below Recession Level](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/25/as-mexican-share-declined-u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-population-fell-in-2015-below-recession-level/).” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, April.

Tankwanchi, Akhenaten Benjamin Siankam and Çağlar Özden and Sten H. Vermund. 2013. “[Physician Emigration from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States: Analysis of the 2011 AMA Physician Masterfile](http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001513).” San Francisco, CA: PPLOS Medicine, September.

Wulfhorst, Ellen. 2018. “[Millions Making Plans to Leave Africa for Europe and U.S., Says Report](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-migration-africa/millions-making-plans-to-leave-africa-for-europe-and-u-s-says-report-idUSKBN1GY1QO).” London, United Kingdom: Reuters, March.

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**Next:** [Appendix B: Demographic and economic profiles](https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018/04/24/demographic-and-economic-profiles-sub-saharan-african-immigrants-demographic-profile.md)