Are you planning to wish your mom a Happy Mother’s Day on Facebook? If so, you’re not alone. “Moms” (defined as women with a child or children under the age of 18 living at home) are especially likely to be Facebook users, even compared with dads, or with other women, according to Pew Research Center’s 2012 data on social networking. Some 79% of moms use Facebook, compared with 61% of all women and 57% of men with a minor child living at home. (As of December 2012, 54% of all American adults and 67% of internet users use social networking sites.)

Perhaps it’s not surprising so many moms are on Facebook. Women surpassed men in their social networking site usage several years ago and since then they have been consistently more likely than men to use online social networks.

Of course, more moms (and dads) on social networking sites means they must navigate relationships with their children, who may also be online.  Among all parents who have a child between the ages of 12-17, 66% now use a social networking site of some kind, up from 58% in 2011.

Previous research from the Pew Internet & American Life Project has shown that teens have mixed feelings about being friends with their parents on Facebook. Even so, the vast majority of parents and teens friend each other. In 2011, 80% of parent social media users whose children were also users of social media have friended their child on the sites.

So if you do reach out to Mom on Facebook, statistically speaking, there’s a good chance she’ll be watching her newsfeed — and yours.

Joanna Brenner is the web coordinator and Aaron Smith is a senior researcher at the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project. Follow them on Twitter: @JoannaBrenner and @aaron_w_smith.

Our new report on Teens and Tech did a deep dive into how 12-to-17 year-olds use technology. Among the findings were a substantial increase in the use of smartphones by teens and a significant number who are “cell-mostly” internet users — getting online by using their phone rather than a desktop or laptop computer.

Amanda Lenhart, senior researcher at the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life project, and Lee Rainie, director of the project, took questions on the study from our readers in a Facebook chat conducted March 14.

Amanda Lenhart: Welcome everyone! We’re very excited to discuss our new findings on teens & technology with you. Please post your questions/comments in the comments section below this post for the next hour.

Courtney Mota: Hi Amanda, do you have breakouts on what teens do on their phones, and when? Texting, games, photos, social networks, “googling stuff” etc.?

Amanda Lenhart: So the last time we really looked at what teens were doing with their phones was in 2010 in our Teens and Mobile Phones report.  So the data is a bit old and doesn’t take into account all the new functionality that smartphones offer. But back then we saw that 83% use their phone to take photos (most popular), 64% share those pics with others, 60% use phone to play music, 46% play games, 11% purchase things on the phone, 21% use email on the phone. You can find more on page 5 of the report linked above.

Kimberly Allison: Following up on Courtney’ Mota’s question, with increased mobile usage, are there topics teens or more or less likely to look up from their phones? Are views on privacy changing at all?

Amanda Lenhart: We’re releasing a new large report in the next few months that looks squarely at youth and privacy online and on phones. In fact, the survey is designed to focus on privacy, these questions are just a few we’re peeling off early so that folks can have access to the basic use data sooner.

Grace Bello: Any data about media literacy? If teens are relying more and more on the Internet for information, is there any indication that they know how to distinguish an official source from an unreliable one? Also, are there online resources or courses that teach teens media literacy?

Amanda Lenhart: This study focuses on privacy, but we hope to look more thoroughly at media literacy in the future. The Berkman Center at Harvard is doing a bunch of great work on information literacy with you – and they’re our partners on this project.

Adam Gertsacov: One of the most interesting findings I thought is that the heaviest texters are the heaviest talkers. Those that want to communicate use any (and every) means necessary.

Amanda Lenhart: Thanks, I thought that was a fascinating finding from our earlier reports on Teens, Smartphones and Texting.

@Anh Ta: Any thoughts on recent trend of teens migrating from Facebook to alternative social networks, such as Pheed? It seems teens are increasingly concerned with privacy, especially from prying parents.

Lee Rainie:  Helping out Amanda here. We’ll have a major report in about 6-8 weeks on teens and privacy issues. We don’t have data on teens coming and going on Facebook, but you can see some of the young adult trends in this recent report of ours.

Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd, Town and Country: We just read last week that teens are already tiring of Facebook. What do you recommend to reach them as best tool for now?

Lee Rainie: I’d bet your youth group members would give you great insight into what platforms and devices are “hot” among teens in your area. There is never a “one size fits all” answer, so you’ll likely find it useful to test out several platforms/services and then watch your data!

Amanda Lenhart: Re: Lee’s comments to the Episcopal Church – we haven’t seen much about teens dropping off of Facebook, though they may be using it less. You can still reach them there, but it pays to diversify and exactly as Lee, says, ASK your youth about where they are and go there. It maybe that your group is on Twitter, or Tumblr. And it depends on what you want to share – a Tumblr is great for sharing image oriented content, Twitter is best for shorter burst of information, with the opportunity to go deeper through links.

Jeff Sonderman: Is there any data about whether teens are more comfortable than older people with the idea of using small screens for extensive time and activity?

Amanda Lenhart: We don’t have data on that specifically. I do know from some focus group work that some older adults have difficulty with mobile phones generally because of visual impairments, but that’s about as much as we have on your question.

Digital Family Summit: Expanding on Jeff Sonderman’s question, is there a correlation between physical ailments and heavy texting? Is there someone studying that? Obviously, we might not have good data for a number of years. There is anecdotal data, of course…

Amanda Lenhart:  Those are great questions – I know there are folks looking at obesity and heavy use of technology (gaming, and television watching, I believe). I know that Sandra Calvert at the Children’s Digital Media Center at Georgetown University is looking at how to use games to help obese children and teens lose weight. And I bet she and her colleagues know others who are looking into the questions that interest you.

Sarah E. Montague: My own “personal” family research with nieces and nephews indicates that Tumblr is growing as communication hub. Wonder if you see that too.

Amanda Lenhart: We didn’t have room on our current survey to ask about Tumblr specifically, though it is definitely starting to come up in our open-ended questions. We can see that Tumblr is important to young adults in some adult work we did on the topic recently, which our moderator will post shortly.

(If you scroll down the page here, you can see the demographic breakdown of Tumblr users.)

Charles Strickland: 23% of the kids use a tablet or laptop. That to me means the kids are not reading or reading a printed publication. Am I correct in this assumption?

Amanda Lenhart: Your assumption is not correct. First teens do plenty of reading on tablets – websites, news articles, fan fiction, and plain old e-books. Plus, we don’t have a sense of whether technology and media use is a zero sum game – are they replacing reading with tablet time or TV watching? The Kaiser Family Foundation and Common Sense Media have done research that looks at how kids and teens spend their time with media and technology.

Lee Rainie: Not quite sure about reading more/less. Our adult data are pretty clear that many tablet owners and e-book reader owners (Kindles and Nooks) are reading MORE than in the past — sometimes in print, sometimes in e-formats. That’s a pretty typical “early adopter” pattern. They get the devices to do MORE of what they already like. (See the report, “The Rise of E-Reading.”)

Digital Family Summit: I am shocked that teens with $30K in income in their households -62% have smartphones . Even the cheapest data plan/phone stuff ends up around $600 a year.

Amanda Lenhart: Re: the uptake of cell and smartphones among the lower income youth – it’s true that it can be a significant expense for youth and families, but often it is in lieu of home internet access or a computer and families will stretch to get that access for their kids. Plus there are plans that don’t allow for much roaming, but offer unlimited data, texting and talking for a flat monthly fee of $30 or $40. So if you don’t get a chance to travel out of your city or neighborhood, then those phones and plans are great. This is really only an urban phenomenon – rural area are different.

Deb Levine: Thanks so much for the new report, Amanda, and the links. We’re finding that the results are in synch with a report we did last year of a sample of teens who visit popular online gaming sites. In particular, that youth of lower SES are using their non-smartphones for EVERYTHING — surfing the Web, gaming, purchasing, and communicating.

Amanda Lenhart: So glad to hear that our work reinforces yours! As for the ISIS question about how technology impacts mental and physical health, that’s a realm we haven’t entered, yet. But we hope to down the road. And you guys already do great work in the sexual health arena.

Amy Jussel: Are teens starting to use the ‘quantified self’ apps/data measurements/mobile or games/gizmos for both physical/mental health? (if so, what kind/format? fitness? nutrition? relationship help w/peers-parents? sexed/dating relational aggression, quiz Q&A?) Also, are they sharing data peer to peer or self-knowledge in focus?

Amanda Lenhart: We’ll have a short report about apps and youth (with a focus on privacy) out in the next few months, but we didn’t have survey room to focus much on what kinds of apps. Your questions is a great one, though – would be great to learn more about that.

Lee Rainie: Nielsen researchers are quite good about exploring apps use.

Amanda Lenhart: Alright everyone – thanks so much for a rip-roaring, terrific chat! Great questions – hope we can do this again soon! And please feel free to come find me and chat on Twitter. I’m @amanda_lenhart there.

Lee Rainie: Seems like there are lots of Amanda Lenhart fans here — how smart of you! You can see her amazing archive of work by scrolling down the links on this page.  And while you’re at it, please give equal time to our great colleague, Mary Madden, who was the main driver of this teens-and-tech report we’re discussing today:

Lee Rainie And a final plea: We would LOVE to hear stories from teens and their parents about how they use technology, navigate digital spaces, think about privacy, handling tough social situations on social media, share support and encouragement online — the whole range of human engagement. Write us at info@pewinternet.org and, better yet, sign up here to help us with surveys.

The reaction on Twitter to major political events and policy decisions often differs a great deal from public opinion as measured by surveys. This is the conclusion of a year-long Pew Research Center study that compared the results of national polls to the tone of tweets in response to eight major news events, including the outcome of the presidential election, the first presidential debate and major speeches by Barack Obama.

At times the Twitter conversation is more liberal than survey responses, while at other times it is more conservative. Often it is the overall negativity that stands out. Much of the difference may have to do with both the narrow sliver of the public represented on Twitter as well as who among that slice chose to take part in any one conversation.

A More Liberal Twitter Reaction to Some Events

In some instances, the Twitter reaction was more pro-Democratic or liberal than the balance of public opinion. For instance, when a federal court ruled last February that a California law banning same-sex marriage was unconstitutional – a case that is now coming before the Supreme Court – the reaction on Twitter was quite positive. Twitter conversations about the ruling were much more positive than negative (46% vs. 8%). But public opinion, as measured in a national poll, ran the other direction: Of those who had heard about the ruling, just 33% were very happy or pleased with it, while 44% were disappointed or angry.

And this was also evident when it came to the fall presidential campaign. For example, while polls showed that most voters said Mitt Romney gave the better performance in the first presidential debate, Twitter reaction was much more critical of Romney, according to an analysis of social media reaction to the debate.

And when Obama won the election on Nov. 6, the post-election conversation on Twitter was very positive about his victory. The analysis showed an overwhelming majority (77%) of post-election Twitter comments about the outcome were positive about Obama’s victory while just 23% were negative. But a survey of voters in the days following the election found more mixed reactions to the election outcome: 52% said they were happy about Obama’s reelection while 45% were unhappy.

This tilt to the Twitter conversation was evident throughout the fall campaign. In nearly every week from early September through the first week of November, the Twitter conversation about Romney was substantially more negative than the conversation about Obama.

Still, the overall negativity on Twitter over the course of the campaign stood out. For both candidates, negative comments exceeded positive comments by a wide margin throughout the fall campaign season. But from September through November, Romney was consistently the target of more negative reactions than was Obama.

Twitter Reactions Not Always More Liberal

The pro-Democratic or liberal tilt of tweets was not always apparent in the Pew Research Center case studies. The reaction on Twitter to Obama’s second inaugural address and his 2012 State of the Union was not nearly as positive as public opinion.

The contrast was particularly striking in assessments of last year’s State of the Union. The president’s speech was generally well-received by the public: 42% said they had a positive reaction while 27% had a negative reaction. On Twitter, however, the conversation about Obama’s speech was far more negative (40%) than positive (21%).

More recently, Obama’s second inaugural address received more positive than negative assessments in a national survey conducted after the speech. But the conversation about the speech on Twitter tilted more toward criticism than praise.

Of the eight events that the Pew Research Center tracked since the beginning of last year, there were two – Mitt Romney’s selection of Paul Ryan as his vice presidential running mate and the Supreme Court’s ruling on the 2010 Affordable Care Act – when the reaction on Twitter paralleled public opinion.

When Mitt Romney tapped Ryan as his running mate, it received a more negative than positive reaction both from the general public and in the conversation on Twitter. And when the Supreme Court handed down its ruling upholding the health care law in June 2012, public reaction was split: A national survey found 36% approving and 40% disapproving of the Court’s decision. The reaction on Twitter was about the same: Among those offering a viewpoint, roughly half were positive comments and half were negative.

Why Twitter May Be Different at Times

The lack of consistent correspondence between Twitter reaction and public opinion is partly a reflection of the fact that those who get news on Twitter – and particularly those who tweet news – are very different demographically from the public.

The overall reach of Twitter is modest. In the Pew Research Center’s 2012 biennial news consumption survey, just 13% of adults said they ever use Twitter or read Twitter messages; only 3% said they regularly or sometimes tweet or retweet news or news headlines on Twitter.

Twitter users are not representative of the public. Most notably, Twitter users are considerably younger than the general public and more likely to be Democrats or lean toward the Democratic Party. In the 2012 news consumption survey, half (50%) of adults who said they posted news on Twitter were younger than 30, compared with 23% of all adults. And 57% of those who posted news on Twitter were either Democrats or leaned Democratic, compared with 46% of the general public. (Another recent Pew Research Center survey provides even more detail on who uses Twitter and other social media.)

In another respect, the Twitter audience also is broader than the sample of a traditional national survey. People under the age of 18 can participate in Twitter conversations, while national surveys are limited to adults 18 and older. Similarly, Twitter conversations also may include those living outside the United States.

Perhaps most important, the Twitter users who choose to share their views on events vary with the topics in the news. Those who tweeted about the California same-sex marriage ruling were likely not the same group as those who tweeted about Obama’s inaugural or Romney’s selection of Paul Ryan.

This is clear when we look at the volume of Twitter discussion on each of the events studied. In the two days following Obama’s re-election on Nov. 6, there were nearly 14 million Tweets from people expressing their reaction. And more than five million expressed their reactions to the first presidential debate. But other events, particularly the federal court ruling on same sex marriage in California last February and Obama’s nomination of John Kerry in December, drew a much lower volume of tweets.

Overall, the reaction to political events on Twitter reflects a combination of the unique profile of active Twitter users and the extent to which events engage different communities and draw the comments of active users. While this provides an interesting look into how communities of interest respond to different circumstances, it does not reliably correlate with the overall reaction of adults nationwide.